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Kingdom of The Netherlands
The Netherlands, informally known as Holland, is a West European country at the
North Sea, that borders Germany (east) and Belgium (south).
It also has a maritime border (west) with the United Kingdom (UK).
It consists of 12 provinces, and has several former colonies in the Caribian [1].
During WWII, The Netherlands was an occupied country under Nazi-Germany.
After the war — during the Cold War — it had a
Stay-Behind Organisation
and became part of the NATO alliance.
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Developed in the Netherlands
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Dutch crypto manufacturers
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Other encryption systems used in the Netherlands
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The timeline below gives an overview of the development of cipher machines in
the Netherlands, in the period following World War II (WWII). The first
generation of devices were all one-time tape (OTT) machines,
also known as mixers. Until 1957, these machines were developed
by the Dutch state-owned telecom provider PTT and were manufactured by
Philips Usfa (later: Philips Crypto). These machines are shown in
yellow. In 1966, the first fully electronic cipher machine was introduced
(shown in blue).
Move the mouse over the map to see the development times.
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Any links shown in red are currently unavailable.
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© Crypto Museum. Created: Monday 04 April 2022. Last changed: Tuesday, 21 October 2025 - 13:00 CET.
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