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← FS-5000
Transmitter
The transmitter is the core-component of the FS-5000 radio set.
In a completely assembled radio station, al signals and power lines are
routed through the transmitter. It is normally used in combination with the
Automatic Antenna Tuner
that is stacked on top of the transmitter. In a complete FS-5000 radio
station, the assembly of transmitter and antenna tuner is located at the
rear left. The transmitter is suitable for frequencies
between 1.6 and 30 MHz, controlled by DSU
and receiver, in 1 kHz steps.
It uses VSB-modulation for the transmission of digital signals.
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The image on the right shows a typical FS-5000 transmitter. It has connectors
on three sides. At the right is the connection to the
PSU/Charger. In some countries this socket is blocked by a
plastic blanking plate,
to avoid EMC-problems.
At the front are two connectors for the batteries (left) and one large
socket (right) that accepts the receiver. This socket contains a
number of coax connectors that carry the antenna signal to the receiver and
the modulated data from the DSU to the transmitter.
All connectors carry data lines for communication between the modules.
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At the top surface (left) is the socket for the antenna tuner
that is normally mounted on top of the transmitter. The tuner has a plug
that mates with this socket. It is possible to use the transmitter stand-alone
(i.e. without the antenna tuner) with aid of the X-unit, albeit
with a much reduced output power in order to avoid damage resulting from
mis-matching.
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The transmitter consists of two stacked modules: the actual transmitter (TX)
and the automatic antenna tuner (ATU) on top of it. The transmitter is tuned
by the receiver under control of the
DSU. The receiver's synthesizer generates
the necessary signals from a 10MHz TCXO: a variable 52-80MHz signal (tuning),
50MHz (IF) and 200kHz for the VSB-modulator (see below).
The (frequency) control signals from the DSU are used by the transmitter
to select the apropriate band-pass filter in the PA output stage.
The antenna tuner has its own CPU to allow fully automatic matching of the
connected (wire) antenna. It provides a feedback signal to the transmitter
to allow the output power to be reduced in case of a bad VSWR.
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For the transmission of message bursts, the FS-5000 uses
a very sophisticated modulation technique, called Vestigial Side Band Modulation (VSB or C1D), compatible with ECHOTEL.
This allows the transmitter to send a message
over a channel with an extremely narrow bandwidth at a speed of
2000 baud. As a result, sending a 55 character message takes no more
than 0.8 sec. [10], making Direction Finding (DF) practically impossible!
The principle is explained in a number of US patents that were filed around this time
[6]
[7]
[8].
Much of this circuit is directly visible when observing the
left half of the upper PCB of the transmitter
(see below).
The two PROMs are each 8KB deep and contain a high-resolution sine-wave table,
which is necessary to obtain sufficient spectral purity of the output signal
[9].
Please note that the receiver uses a different kind of
modulation (SSB) with much lower speed (75 baud).
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The transmitter has two compartments that are separated by a 'floor'.
Each compartment contains a large PCB; one at the top and one at the bottom.
The transmitter is extremely well-built with a keen eye for detail
and it is clear that money was no object when the FS-5000 was designed.
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The PCBs inside the transmitter can be accessed by removing the top
and bottom panels. The image on the right shows the top board.
The right half of the top board is filled with a series of high-performance
Avantek GPD-series
HF amplifiers [5] and MCL filters and mixers.
The left half is filled with ICs that form an I&Q modulator.
The SIN and COS signals are each produced by a
TBP28L22
8KB PROM [2] followed by
an AD7524
Multiplying 8-bit DAC [3]
and SE5514
high-performance OpAmps [4].
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The I&Q modulator gets a 200 kHz reference signal from the receiver
and is the heart of the VSB-modulation used by the FS-5000.
The transmitter does not contain a frequency synthesizer. Instead the
transmission frequency is determined by the receiver and is delivered
via the large connector (front) in the form of a 2-30 MHz signal
and a 50 MHz signal.
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The bottom section of the transmitter contains the HF pre-amplifier,
based on an MRF134 (or DV1202), and the Power Amplifier (PA) with an
ON4347, followed by several band-pass filters.
As the transmitter covers a very wide frequency range (2-30 MHz)
different band-pass filters are used for each frequency band.
Nine relays are used to select the appropriate filter and a tiny
LED-array shows which filter is activated.
Also on this board the HF-relay that connects the antenna to the
transmitter or to the receiver.
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Several teflon coax cables (and other signal lines) connect the two boards
together and to the connectors at the front (receiver) and at the top
(antenna tuner).
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- Frequency range: 2-30MHz
- Step size: 1kHz
- Antenna length: 7.5-25 meter (long-wire)
- Output power: 30W
- Output from ATU: > 15W (typical)
- Output during tuning: < 5mW
- Tuning time: < 3s (typical < 1s)
- Current: 8A (during TX)
- Harmonic suppression: 50dB
- Modulation: VSB (C1D), compatible with ECHOTEL
- Transmission speed: 2000 baud
- Message duration: < 0.8s
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- Helmut 'Jim' Meyer, HS0ZHK, My way to Ham - Radio and beyond
Website QRZ.COM. Personal correspondence.
Retrieved June 2008.
- Texas Instruments (TI), TBP28L22 Programmable Low-power ROM
8KB PROM. 1985. Retrieved April 2012.
- Analog Devices, AD7524 CMOS 8-bit Buffered Multiplying DAC
Rev. B, November 1986. Retrieved April 2012.
- Philips Semiconductor, NE/SE5514 Quad high-performance OpAmp
31 August 1994. Retrieved April 2012.
- Avantek, GPD Series, High-performance IF/HF Amplifiers
Date unknown. Retrieved April 2012.
- United States patent 4,780,884, Suppressed Double-Sideband Communication System
Filed 13 April 1987. Approved 25 October 1988.
Previously filed as 741,026 (3 June 1985) and 835,265 (3 March 1986), both
abandonned. Retrieved April 2012.
- United States Patent 4,730,345, Vestigial Sideband Signal Decoder
Filed 4 April 1986. Approved 8 March 1988. Retrieved April 2012.
- United States Patent 5,663,773, Demodulator for a Complex-Value VSB Signal
Filed 20 November 1995 on behalf of ANT Nachrichtentechnik GmbH, Backnang (Germany). Approved 2 September 1997. Retrieved April 2012.
- Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dietmar Rudolph, Einseitenband & Restseitenband Modulation
TFH Berlin - Telekom TT - IBH. (German) Date unknown. Retrieved April 2012.
- Dipl.- Ing. Roland Prösch, Technical Handbook for Radio Monitoring I
2007. ISBN 9783833490156.
ECHOTEL 1810 HF-modem, pp.148-150.
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© Crypto Museum. Last changed: Monday, 25 February 2019 - 21:07 CET.
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