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← USSR Voice R-142 →
Voice scrambler
- not in collection
T-219, codenamed Yachta 1 (Russian: ЯХТА), is an analogue
voice scrambler,
released during the Cold War
by the Soviet Union, and used by the armies
of the countries of the former Warsaw Pact,
for tactical communication in the (combat) field.
The unit was also part of the
R-142 radio setup —
as found inside the radio shelter of a GAZ-66 truck —
but was only issued in the event of war.
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Yachta consists of two units: the actual voice scrambler device,
and a remote control panel. It is usually connected to a short-wave (SW)
radio station, but can also be used over analogue telephone lines.
The image on the right shows the rather big and heavy
PU-1 control panel [1].
The system was coded by means of a key card that was installed in the
main unit. An external heater was used to keep the device warm in the
winter. Although voice scramblers
are inherently insecure, Yachta was used by the Russian Army
until long after the fall of the
Soviet Union
[6].
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Yachta is characterized by a Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)
signal that is transmitted in the middle of the main signal,
with the scrambled voice stream split above and below the FSK signal.
The FSK signal is transmitted at 100 Baud and uses an 150 Hz shift [3].
One of the frequencies on which Yachta signals
were known to be transmitted, was 28.347 MHz.
Yachta was succeeded by CIS-12.
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Yachta, sometimes written as Yakhta, is Russian for Boat
or Yacht.
Note that the name Yachta is also used as the codename for a
covert body recorder
that was a Soviet copy of the
Swiss Nagra-SN.
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Especially for test, repair and alignment of the T-219 (and similar voice
scramblers),
the Soviets developed a comprehensive test setup, known
as KU-27 and KU-27M (Russian: КУ-27М).
The installation consists of two large cabinets (both of which are shown
here) and two storage containers with spare parts, documentation and tools,
enough for setting up a repair workshop.
The device can be configured for a particular test or alignment, by installing
one of the building blocks of the Yachta scrambler into one of the slots
at the front, and inserting the appropriate program card
in the receptacle above the slot.
➤ More information
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Yachta signals can be decoded with the following software:
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Frequency 3 - 30 MHz Mode USB Bandwidth 2700 Hz Modulation FSK Speed 100 Baud Shift 150 Hz
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© Crypto Museum. Created: Friday 12 May 2017. Last changed: Monday, 30 September 2019 - 07:11 CET.
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