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Motorola SABER FILL Voice ← T-3020
Motorola Key Variable Loader
The KVL-3000 (or T5795A) is a device for loading cryptographic material
(key variables) into a series of two-way radios, developed and produced
by Motorola (USA) around 2001.
The device can be used for a variety of
cryptographic algorithms and is compatible with a range of radios.
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A Key Variable Loader, or KVL, is commonly known as a
Key Filler
or Fill Gun,
and generally uses a proprietary data protocol for
transferring cryptographic material (keys) to the radio.
Initially, Motorola had a separate Key Variable Loader (KVL) for each
individual cryptographic algorithm, such as DVP, DES and DES-XL, but
these were eventually all replaced by the KVL-3000 and the
KVL-3000 Plus. The difference between these two versions is that the
earlier KVL-3000 has a 4-line 12-character display, whilst the Plus
has a bitmap (matrix) display.
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The KVL-3000 has two modes of operation: Advanced Securenet (ASN) and
ASTRO 25. ASN mode is needed, for example,
for loading keys into
the older SABER I, II and III hand-held radios.
The required mode can be selected via the CONFIG menu. A special cable,
that is different for each type of radio, connects the Keyload I/O port
at the rear of the KVL to the accessory socket of the radio.
The case design of the KVL-3000 is patented by Motorola.
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- KVL-3000
This is the initial version of the KVL-3000. It has a display with
4 lines of 12 characters each, plus a row of icons at the top.
It can be used for loading key variables for the common Motorola
encryption algorithms: DES, DVP, DES-XL, DVP-XL and DVI-XL. 1
- KVL-3000 Plus
This is a slightly later version of the KVL-3000 that is equipped with
a matrix display (bitmap), allowing icons and graphics to be displayed.
This version is suitable for all of the earlier protocols 2 plus
AES-256 and DES-OFB.
Please note that this version does not support the DVP encryption
algorithm (it does support DVP-XL however).
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Please note that only two algorithms can be installed in a KVL-3000
at the time of ordering, and that many of them come with just one
algorithm installed (DES). Be aware of this when buying via eBay.
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Although the KVL-3000+ can be loaded with support for multiple
encryption algorithms, there is no guarantee that all algorithms are present.
Check which algorithms are present, before buying it.
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- Password protection (operator and supervisor)
- Can hold up to 1024 encryption keys (traffic keys and shadow keys)
- Menu-driven User Interface
- Software upgrades via PCMCIA card slot and Motorola FLASHportTM
- Various encryption algorithms (see above)
- Various encryption protocols (see above)
- Supports various FIPS encryption standards (see above)
- RS-232 and Keyload I/O ports
- Supports serial and PCMCIA modems
- Key sharing between KVLs
- Event log of KVL activities
- Supports transfer to/from Key Management Controller (KMC)
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The KVL-3000 is backwards compatible with the following Key Variable Loaders.
Please note that the model number normally has a letter suffix, for example
T3010AX, which indicates the revision. The higher the letter, the more
features the key loader supports.
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Below is the pinout of the cable socket at the rear of the KVL-3000,
when looking onto the socket. The pinout was obtained by measuring the
TKN8531 coiled cable that connects the KVL-3000 to the
(optional) NTN5664 adapter on the Saber radio.
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Vcc Supply voltage GND 1kΩ to pin 10 (in plug) - KEY
/WE Write Enable KID Key Insert Data KID Key Insert Data /WE Write Enable - KEY
- GND
KL Keyload
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Socket at rear of KL-3000
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Below is the pinout when looking into the Hirose socket on top of the
(optional) NTN5664 adapter. The adapter is fitted to the accessory
socket of the Saber radio.
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MIC Microphone B(+) +5V DC SPK Speaker GND Ground PTT Push-To-Talk EXT External accessory select
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Below is the wiring of the TKN8531 cable. This is the coiled cable
that is connected between the socket at the rear of the KVL-3000
and the Hirose socket on the NTN5664 adapter
that is fitted to
the accessory socket of the Saber radio. Use the above drawings
for reference.
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| KVL-3000 | | Saber radio | Hirose socket on NTN5664 |
| Pin | Name | | Pin | Name | Remark |
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| 2 | GND | → | - | - | 1kΩ resistor between pins 2 and 10 in KVL-3000 plug |
| 6 | KID | → | 5 | PTT | |
| 7 | /WE | → | 1 | MIC | |
| 8 | KEY | → | 2 | B(+) | |
| 9 | GND | → | 4 | GND | Common ground (0V) |
| 10 | KL | → | 3 | SPK | KEYLOAD (forces Saber into keyload mode) |
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ASN
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Advanced Securenet
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CFB
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Cipher Feedback
A block cipher mode that enhanced ECB mode by chaining together
blocks of cipher text it produces, and operating on plaintext segments
of variable length, less than or equal to the block length.
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DES
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Data Encryption Standard
Universal encryption algorithm developed in the mid-1970s by the US
National Security Agency (NSA) for the protection
of voice, data and financial transactions.
Although initially intended for use exclusively by the US Government,
it ws later released for use by the general public.
➤ More
➤ Wikipedia
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DVP
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Digital Voice Privacy
Motorola's own proprietary voice encryption system, based on a
self-synchronising Cipher Feedback (CFB) principle. The algorithm
is also known as Digitial Voice Protection.
➤ More
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ECB
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Electronic Codebook
A block cipher mode in which a plaintext block is used directly as input
to the encryption algorithm and the resultant output block is used directly
as cipher text.
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FIPS
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Federal Information Processing Standard
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KVL
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Key Variable Loader
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OFB
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Output feedback
a block cipher mode that modifies ECB mode to operate on
plaintext segments of variable length lesss than or equal to the
block length.
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Device Key Variable Loader Purpose Loading cryptographic keys into secure Motorola radios Model KVL-3000 Designator T5795A Manufacturer Motorola Year 2001 Country USA Algorithms 2 (to be selected at purchase) Modes Advanced Securenet (ASN), ASTRO 25 Keys 1024 Display 4 × 12 characters Temperature -30°C to +60°C Storage -55°C to +85°C Dimensions ? (HWD) Weight 726 g (with battery)
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Algorithms Multiple (to be selected at purchase) Display Matrix LCD
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- 12 Kb/s SECURENET ™
- 9.6 Kb/s Secure ASTRO ™, with VSELP Vocoder
- 9.6 Kb/s Secure APCO Project 25 (IMBE Vocoder)
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- US5363447 (key loading) - 26 March 1993
Method for loading encryption keys into secure transmission devices.
This patent describes how encryption keys (typically DES, DVP, DES-XL,
DVP-XL or DVI-XL) are loaded into a device (radio) and how they are
protected against evesdropping. The latter is done by using a Key
Encryption Key (KEK) generated by an internal free-running counter.
- US4167700 (DVP)- 2 May 1977
Digital Voice Protection System and Method. A description of Motorola's
own proprietary encryption algorithm, known as DVP.
- USD390554 (KVL 3000) - 31 May 1996
This patent protects the (case) design of the later
KVL-3000 Key Variable Loader (key filler).
It was a universal device that could be used to load virtually any
type of key into any type of (crypto-capable) Motorola radio.
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© Crypto Museum. Created: Friday 08 March 2013. Last changed: Wednesday, 10 June 2026 - 09:49 CET.
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