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Important notice —
The information on this page is based on the classical understanding of
the Enigma model names, such as Enigma A, Enigma B, Enigma C, etc.
Recently discovered documents have shown however, that some of these
model names are incorrect. This affects in particular our view
on the printing Enigma machines (Schreibende Enigma) and the
early glowlamp-based machines.
For this reason, the information on our Enigma pages will gradually
be revised over the coming months.
— Crypto Museum — January 2019
Version 0.14 - 10 September 2009
This page shows all currently known Enigma models and how they are
related to each other, in the form of a family tree.
The family tree is the result of a co-operation between
Paul Reuvers and Frode Weierud and is subject to copyright.
If you want to use it for your own publication, please read
the conditions
and the disclaimer below.
The diagram is available as a hi-res PDF file
[A].
Please hover over any of the balloons in
the diagram, or click an item, for further information.
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The table consists of a number of circular 'balloons' that each
describe a single Enigma model. We've tried to provide as much
information as possible both inside and outside the balloons.
Arrows are used to point to descendants and variants of a particular machine.
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Inside each balloon are three pieces of information. The topmost
one is the official model number (if known) that was used in brochures
and offerings.
At the centre is the popular name by which the machine
is commonly known. In many cases this is a single letter, for example:
Enigma Z
or Enigma M4.
At the bottom is the internal designator used by the manufacturer
in internal documents and drawings (Ch. xx).
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At the top left is the year of development or introduction shown
in red. The small green number to the right of it, shows how
many machines of this model were made on average (if known).
At the bottom right are two numbers printed in blue.
The topmost one shows the number of contacts on each wheel.
Just below that is the number of turnover notches on each wheel.
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All information is believed to be correct at the time of
writing but there is no guarantee that this is the case,
nor that the information is suitable for any purpose whatsoever.
Please note that this page is subject to continuous
changes without notice.
Under no circumstances can we be held responsible for the
information presented here.
If you have additional information, or if you believe that
some of the information is incorrect, please do not hesitate
to contact us.
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The tree is largely based on many years of historical research of the
Enigma, that is currently being carried out by Frode Weierud
in Switzerland Norway.
The full results of his research are expected
in the form of a future publication in Cryptologia.
Until that time, the tree may change regularly as new information
is discovered. The bottom right of the tree shows the current
version number and release date. This information is also printed
at the top of this page.
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Conditions for using the Enigma Family Tree
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Please note that the copyright of the Enigma Family Tree belongs
to Paul Reuvers and Frode Weierud. If you want to use it in
your own publication, you may do so without prior permission,
if you meet all of the following conditions:
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- It is not used for commercial purposes.
- You do not modify or alter the tree.
- You do not remove or alter the copyright notice.
- You show the version number and release date.
- You give full credits to the authors plus a link to this page.
- You state that this is preliminary information.
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If any of the above conditions can not be met, you should
contact us
first in order to ask for permission.
When requesting permission, please provide as much information
about yourself and your intended publication as possible.
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